The UN, which designated 2015 as the International Year of Soils, warns that 33 percent of the planet’s soil resources are being degraded due to erosion, pollution, acidification and nutrient depletion — destructive processes that are caused by bad land management. And unless new approaches are adopted, the amount of productive farmland on Earth per person will only amount to one-fourth of the amount available in 1960.
We’re losing soil at the rate of 30 soccer fields per minute, and if we don’t slow the decline, the planet’s entire supply of soil for farming could be gone by 2075.
In addition to serving as a medium for growing food, soil is a major bulwark against climate change. Microbes and fungi in the soil soak up carbon from plants and the decomposing bodies of animals. According to Nature, the planet’s dirt may contain three times as much carbon as the atmosphere.
One of the big culprits is the overuse of synthetic fertilizers, which can turn the soil acidic and salty, and interfere with the interaction of fungi and plant roots that helps to store carbon.
The Union of Concerned Scientists says that soil can be protected by changing agricultural practices — in particular, from switching from fertilizer-intensive monoculture back to traditional crop rotation and use of cover crops to replenish nutrients in the soil.
One surprising fact about soil is that it takes a long time to form — as much as 1,000 years for one centimeter, according to the UN’s website.
— source discovery.com